Survey of fluoride levels in vended water stations

Self-Instruction Exercise No. 356
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Exercise No. 356
Subject Code: 257
Caries Detection and Prevention

The 15 questions for this exercise are based on the article, “Survey of fluoride levels in vended water stations,” on pages 47-50. This exercise was developed by Gustav Gates, DDS, MAGD, in association with the General Dentistry Self-Instruction committee.

Reading the article and successfully completing this exercise will enable you to:

  • recognize the correct fluoride concentration for the effective treatment of decay,
  • understand the difference between water from a tap and water from vended water stations (VWS) with regard to fluoride concentration, and
  • identify the clinical implications of prescribing fluoride with regard to caries prevention and fluorosis.

Answers for this exercise must be received by August 31, 2015.
  1. Initial implementation of fluoridated drinking water reduced caries by ____ %.

    A. 25
    B. 35
    C. 45
    D. 55

  2. By the year 2000, there was a reduction in caries of approximately ______ %.

    A. 20
    B. 25
    C. 30
    D. 35

  3. As of 2010, approximately _____ % of the US population received fluoridated water at their home.

    A. 49.4
    B. 58.8
    C. 66.2
    D. 75.4

  4. In 2012, almost ___________ gallons of bottled water were consumed in the US.

    A. 5.0 million
    B. 5.0 billion
    C. 9.7 million
    D. 9.7 billion

  5. People drink bottled water for all the following reasons except one. Which is the exception?

    A. cost effectiveness
    B. perceived status
    C. fear of unsafe tap water
    D. healthy alternative to soft drinks

  6. A fluoride concentration of ______ ppm would be considered an optimal concentration.

    A. 0.4
    B. 0.5
    C. 0.6
    D. 0.7

  7. Water from Glacier Water Services is advertised as all of the following except one. Which is the exception?

    A. economical
    B. pleasant tasting
    C. clean
    D. odorless

  8. The mean difference between tap water fluoride concentration and VWS fluoride concentration was found to be ______ ppm.

    A. 0.52
    B. 0.58
    C. 0.64
    D. 0.70

  9. The highest tap water fluoride concentration for any ZIP code was ______ ppm.

    A. 0.73
    B. 0.84
    C. 1.02
    D. 1.20

  10. The mean concentration of fluoride for VWS water was ______ ppm.

    A. 0.01
    B. 0.02
    C. 0.03
    D. 0.04

  11. All of the following methods are used by Glacier VWS as water processing methods except one. Which is the exception?

    A. activated carbon filter
    B. micron filter
    C. heat distillation
    D. ultraviolet light

  12. The Glacier website cites micron filtration as the component that removes “salts and impurities.” This method causes the highest loss of fluoride from the drinking water.

    A. Both statements are true.
    B. The first statement is true; the second is false.
    C. The first statement is false;the second is true.
    D. Both statements are false.

  13. A 2-year-old child drinking tap water in ZIP code 77031 would need 0.25 mg/day of supplemental fluoride. When he/she reaches 4 years old, that amount would double.

    A. Both statements are true.
    B. The first statement is true;the second is false.
    C. The first statement is false; the second is true.
    D. Both statements are false.

  14. A 15-year-old drinking VWS living in ZIP code 77051 would need 1 mg/day of fluoride supplement. If that teenager started to drink tap water, he/she could stop taking the fluoride tablets.

    A. Both statements are true.
    B. The first statement is true; the second is false.
    C. The first statement is false; the second is true.
    D. Both statements are false.

  15. There is 1 mg of fluoride ion in ______ mg of sodium fluoride.

    A. 1.1
    B. 2.2
    C. 3.3
    D. 4.4

Evaluation
Please respond to the statements below, using the following scale:
1 Poor; 2 Below average; 3 Average; 4 Above average; 5 Excellent
Practicality of the content 1 2 3 4 5
Benefit to your clinical practice 1 2 3 4 5
Quality of illustrations 1 2 3 4 5
Clarity of objectives 1 2 3 4 5
Clarity of exercise questions 1 2 3 4 5
Relevance of exercise questions 1 2 3 4 5
 
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Did this article present new information? Yes No
How much time did it take you to complete this exercise? mins

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